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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A High-Efficiency Power Generation Technology
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an advanced electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy using a solid ceramic electrolyte. Unlike conventional combustion-based power systems, SOFCs generate electricity through a clean and efficient process with minimal emissions, making them an attractive solution for both stationary and distributed energy applications.
How Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Work
SOFCs operate at high temperatures, typically between 600°C and 1,000°C. This allows for internal fuel reforming and high electrical efficiency. The cell consists of three key components:
Anode (negative electrode): Where fuel—commonly hydrogen, natural gas, or biogas—is oxidized.
Cathode (positive electrode): Where oxygen from air is reduced.
Electrolyte: A dense ceramic material, usually made of zirconia stabilized with yttria, that conducts oxygen ions but blocks electrons.